Contribution Margin Ratio: Formula, Calculation & Analysis

The contribution margin ratio (CM ratio) of a business is equal to its revenueSales RevenueSales revenue is the income received by a company from its sales of goods or the provision of services. In accounting, the terms "sales" and less all variable costsFixed and Variable CostsCost is something that can be classified in several ways depending on its nature. One of the most popular methods is classification according, divided by its revenue. It represents the marginal benefit of producing one more unit.  Here is the formula for contribution margin ratio (CM ratio):

See an example in Excel here.

Example Calculation of Contribution Margin Ratio

CM ratio = (total revenue – cost of goods sold – any other variable expenses) / total revenue

A company has revenues of $50 million, the cost of goods soldAccountingOur Accounting guides and resources are self-study guides to learn accounting and finance at your own pace. Browse hundreds of guides and resources. is $20 million, marketing is $5 million, product delivery fees are $5 million, and fixed costsFixed and Variable CostsCost is something that can be classified in several ways depending on its nature. One of the most popular methods is classification according are $10 million.

Contribution margin dollars = $50M – $20M – $5M – $5M = $20 million

Contribution margin ratio = $20M / $50M = 40%

The fixed costs of $10 million are not included in the formula, however, it is important to make sure the CM dollars are greater than the fixed costs, otherwise, the company is not profitable.

Breakeven Analysis

The contribution margin is not necessarily a good indication of economic benefit.  Companies may have significant fixed costs that need to be factored in.

It can be important to perform a breakeven analysis to determine how many units need to be sold, and at what price, in order for a company to break even.  To learn more, check out our Financial Analysis course.

In order to perform this analysis, calculate the contribution margin per unit, then divide the fixed costs by this number and you will know how many units you have to sell to break even.

Building on the above example, suppose that the company sold 1 million units.  That means the CM per unit is $20. Fixed costs are $10 million so the company has to sell 500,000 units to break even ($10 million / $20 per unit = 500,000).

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